fled, which this wasn't planned by the kremlin -- .co which. they wanted him to stay but when he fled a lot of those interests were suddenly extremely exposed. >> i want to also talk of sanctions again because we remember and his arrest in 2003, i have, i started writing, all the other oligarchs all came and bowed down. yes, we will do this, we will do that. what about the chance, since this is a shocking anyway, to a certain extent it's like the soviet union. ownership doesn't matter. connections matter, right? if putin does all the connections and moreover, they have an interest in staying in power, you can have all -- baby the sanctions are at best solution because they're nonmilitary, et cetera, but what

are the chances the oligarchs are going to keep bowing down, especially given the signals? so it doesn't matter who owns it. you're not going to get putin. you see my point. >> i think there are two positive possible outcomes to sanctions, in addition to a range of negatives but let's talk about positive. positive hospital outcomes to sanctions. one is that we will set them against each other. i would imagine that the u.s. government and talking about sanctions thought this was a positive thing. instead of having stable, unified leadership, why don't we start it up and see what happens? so there is that, that it will decrease the stability of putin's hold on power. i think that that is regarded by those governments that have gone through with the sanctions as positive. there's also a second, maybe this is just a fanciful positive

outcome, in the book i talk a lot about the ideas of the transition from authoritarian to democratic regime and how you need to great and incentives for the rule of law. that rule of law emerges from property rights. when people have property, they will become interested in protecting it, and they will help shape laws. we call it k street, right? so they will, the way they will protect themselves and that's how laws emerge on how laws are shaped. in russia it's a different. in russia up until now, predation and looting is what happened in russia. the protection of property is what happens in europe. so the money leaves a russia and its put into european banks, and those people who have looted

russia protect their again in europe. so the rule of law is not emerging in russia because they do have an interest in emerging. they are all home, do they not have an increased interest in the rule of law? it is entirely possible that when the industrialists petitioned for his release of house arrest, one of their efforts was to say, but he owned it legally. he got approval for the purchase all up the line. so not only did he owned it legally, but that it was approved at the top. we cannot go back on these types of the greatest to the message is, guess what? there's a new set of rules. so from the point of view, i am a little discouraged by the message that is coming from the kremlin, which is rule of law, come on, we lived without all this time. we are not going to introduce it

now. we shouldn't completely dismiss the power of the 110. >> well, we have come to the end of our session, but i have one last question. it falls on this question about property rights and property being overseas and in europe and oligarchs who visited mine anytime, or have up until this time have wanted to should have been able to visit the money when they want to. how complicit is the west in this whole story? you talk about offshore accounts, shell companies, non-beneficial owners of accounts, bearer shares. they seem to have learned a lot over the last 23 years, it seems to be focused on how one conducts offshore banking in many ways. so again, what lessons have you learned and how complicit is the west? >> the west is -- well, western banking is extreme complicit. there's no question.

bank of new york. i mean, this was a yeltsin store. why is this continuing? bank of new york was a yeltsin a story. so there's a lot of money to be made in russia. when we see that citigroup is thinking about withdrawing or closing its 50 offices and russia, well, okay. what has been the rules for loans, bonds, and ipos? how much money has been made from russian ipos that were poorly prepared and introduced in london? poorly prepared from a legal standpoint. and who is benefiting from that? no, who is preparing the ipos? who are they accounting?

i know this is a subject close to your heart said you were torn up in in moscow. >> not an accounting firm. >> but the accounting firms holding their noses and sign off on bottom lines. i mean, how much money was made when they turned the other way and didn't look at the quality of the numbers and the lack of transparency? but then, yeah, bank america is a whole sheet, armada, that's what we're learning. so there's a big problem of the banking industry as a whole, and certainly russia was the place to be. browder who i think has been extremely brave, well, until 2003 he was making a lot of money in russia and he was looking the other way when he became the head of many

companies. >> on that note -- spin is there a nonfiction author but you like to see quick send us any notable tv at c-span.org. tweet us at booktv or post on our wall facebook.com/tv. >> welcome to green bay weekend on booktv. located on green bay to the west of lake michigan, the city skyline is dotted with steepled smokestacks to speak to its investor cultural past with help of our time warner cable partners over the next 90 minutes we will visit local bookstores, talk with office in the area, travel to places like historic lambeau field and learn about green bay's prominent political cartoonist spent i love of his cartoon and you can can't imagine seeing this in a newspaper and kind of being hit hard by the depiction of death and destruction and then i think this kind of comment about

democratize and expresses something about his position towards war and toward the u.s. involvement abroad that would really see throughout the entire collection. >> first we start off our future with a look at the mental and physical impact solitary confinement has of inmates in u.s. prison systems. >> derek jeffreys as an associate professor of humanistic studies and religion at the university of wisconsin green bay. he lectures at green bay correctional institution, a maximum-security prison as part of the prisons challenges and possibilities programs. >> there's a book in barnes & noble, a scientist who had that kind of experience. he came to believe in existence of the soul. spent in 2008 i published a book on torture. i was looking at torture and the war ended too. as i wrote this book i realized some the techniques for reducing in the war on terror and fear in

our prison systems. i noticed all these odd connections between overseas policies and domestic policies. so i started looking at what was happening in the prison system, and that then led me to start teaching in the prison system and led me to another book on solitary confinement. >> the united states has the highest per capita rate of incarceration in the world, with 5% of the worlds population, we have close to 25% of its prisoners. african-americans and hispanic americans are incarcerated at much higher rates than whites. the united states holds more prisoners in solitary confinement than any other democratic nation. these are human rights issues that we cannot ignore. >> about 30 years ago we decide we're going to develop a new system of solitary confinement. solitary house was been a part of the prison system. people have been thrown in the

whole t. early presence in fact begin as solitary confinement. everybody was in solitary confinement in the early part of the 19th century, but what they discover is that it drove people mad, and they gave up on it. they decided this was not something they should be doing to prison inmates. aydin the 1980s this country brought it back and gradually, through the '80s and '90s, we built this incredible system of solitary confinement. at least 50-80,000 people now in solitary confinement. some of it is the super max prisons. we have about 44 of these in the country. the most famous is in colorado which is the federal super max for terrorists and people like that. but california also has some very famous ones. each of these states built a special facility to isolate people. we had one here. we have one here in wisconsin. it's no longer officially a super max but it's out in the middle of nowhere.

i went to visit this prison. it's got 500 beds. it's no longer officially a super max because they were sued by some inmates and inmates actually one. but that's part of the phenomenon is the super max prisons were built all of the country and people were isolated incident. but what a lot of people don't know about is within our prisons, within our jails, we replicate these super max confinement conditions. and some most maximum-security prisons have maybe 100-150 beds for solitary confinement. and our jails, new york, riker's island, there's a big debate about that right now. cook county where i've been in in chicago, all these big institutions have a large number of solitary confinement wings. and so solitary is spread all over our criminal justice system.

>> by reforming our solitary confinement practices, the united states can protect human rights, improve public safety, and be fiscally responsible. it is the right and smart thing to do, and the american people deserve no less. >> it's very decentralized in this country because the prison system is decentralized. when you get to prison, the prison officials make a decision whether not to put you in solitary depending on their local policies. so if you're a gang member in the state of california, you can spend years and years and years in solitary and so you agree to renounce your gang affiliation, which nobody in a prison system is was going to do. but all kinds of offenses can land you in solitary. in riker's island, for example, they have 100 offenses that can land you in solitary, and you don't even know what they are. so if you're fighting, obviously that's serious but if there's violence, the talkback to an officer, if you write something people consider to be offensive or politically problematic, all kinds of reasons you could end up in solitary confinement.

usually get a couple months are what's called in the wisconsin system the 360, which is a year. but then what happens is people continue to misbehave while they're in solitary and add on time. so we have people in this country you're in solitary for years or decades. some 30, 40 years by themselves but the thing about solitary confinement is to use all these unusual words that the general public doesn't we know about, administrative segregation, all of these euphemisms for solitary confinement. basically what they all mean is someone is in a cell for 23, at least 23 hours a day. when they are released they are released for exercise or shower i themselves. and all but it's controlled by technology at a distance. and so corrections officers don't really have to have any contact with the inmate. and the conditions within the cell, you have a small,

generally a small cell, often a light is on 24/7 for security reasons, but that really destroys someone's capacity to sleep. the person is fed through a slot in the door. if they received any visitors, and many times they're not eligible to receive visitors, but if they received any kind of visitors, those visitors will have to come through similar kind of situation where they can talk to them. so a chaplain or psychologist will come to the door of the cell and speak to them at the door of the cell. they can't really attend religious services, which is something that bothers me a lot because i attend religious services at the prison, and the identities people could be without the capacity for any kind of religious services is disturbing. and the atmosphere in the shoe, or secure housing units, whatever you want to call it, in a prison it's often called segregation which is a very strange term in our racial

history. segregation is the area within the prison or jail where solitary confinement exists. often in these places are filled with people screaming and yelling. it's a been. people can't sleep. they are going metric they are screaming and yelling, smearing feces on the wall or, i think, it's just a damn. it's a horrible kind of atmosphere. >> the heat and cold often unbearable, and normal physical and mental activity, human contact and access to health care are severely limited. as horrible as these conditions are, life in solitary is made all the worse because it's often a hopeless existence. humans cannot survive without food and water. they can't survive without sleep but they also cannot survive without hope. years on end in solitary, particularly on death row, we'll drink to help from anyone because in solitary there's nothing to live for. >> you know, the effect is devastating, and i talked to

many, many people who have experienced this. psychologists and psychiatrists have studied what happens to a person, and they develop these very distinctive, one psychologist calls it the shoe syndrome. a horrible paranoia, a real aggressiveness, a sense that your self is disintegrating. rage, i mean all kinds of conditions that develop pretty quickly. i think we found after maybe 20, 30 days in isolation this stuff begins to develop. and so it's really devastating. it destroys the personality. in my own works, since i'm a professor of religion, i look at this as a spiritual issue. and i think this is an attack on our spirituality, anything we mean by spirituality because it really destroys a person's capacity to think of anything

else except your condition. >> i can see no reason can see no results as jack anyone to this type of existence number how certain we are that they're guilty of a horrible crime and are among the worst of the worst. even if you want to punish them severely we should refrain from this form of confinement and two but only because it's a humane and moral thing for us to do. my religious faith teaches that we should be humane and caring for all people, saint and sinner alike. what does it say about us as a nation that even before the law allows the state to ask you a person with a willing to let it kill them bit by bit and day by day by subjecting them to solitarsolitary confinement? >> i've heard that people's physical deterioration, hadn't seen the sun in years, so they develop vitamin deficiencies. and they just, their bodies gradually sort of deteriorated after 10 years. i spoke to someone who spent about a decade and solitary confinement.

i've heard about people hallucinating. that's very common. i've heard about people, you know, the kind of bodily harm they do to themselves in solitary confinement, the damage, the self-mutilation, the feces that they put on the door. this kind of the generation of a whole sense of self, i have no more respect for myself, i'm going to damage my body. so i've heard a good number of these horror stories in the time when i was preparing this, and really painful to hear. >> more than 120 step were seriously assaulted by inmates, most often in a high-security institutions. in addition nearly 200 inmates were seriously assaulted by other inmates. >> i spent time in a prison. i've talked to corrections officers, and i understand why we use this, because people all of the sudden can become violent, can a people and you

can't do anything. i couldn't teach if we didn't have a minimal kind of security, and i'm grateful to the corrections officers for giving that, but i just don't think it's a publishing, first of all, the goals that we say it is accomplishing. it's not clear it makes the prison less violent. that's what we say, but as i said earlier, when we release people sometimes they become more violent. sometimes you make somebody violent and bitter through this entire system. wonder the argument is that it reduces gang violence. in california that's one of the arguments they make the we're just not so sure. we don't know whether this is working. i would indicate that much short term, the united nations has recommended only maybe 15 to 30 days in solitary confinement. and prison systems all over the world that would have this kind of draconian solitary confinement. there are some, some in england, some in some other countries but in a whole we're pretty different. and so it's going to take a long

time though to sort of backed away from this. we've seen the state of maine has gotten rid of its ultra confinement, mississippi, illinois closed its super max prison. so all over the country people are beginning to pay attention to this and are trying to move away spent a disproportionate and arbitrary use of celtic and i'm is not only immoral, it is in this opportunity to break the cycle of crime. this approach does not increase public safety, and it's contrary to justice fellowships goal for the criminal justice system. accountability and restoration. teaching people to become good citizens rather than just good prisoners is a charge entrusted to the correctional officers by the taxpayers. skilled wardens understand that ensuring prisoners become responsible and productive members of society at large is paramount to the safety of our communities, whether inside or outside of the prison walls. >> we know that education is people are given some kind of formal education, we've known

this for years, it does indeed help them once they leave prison. but again, that's something we just don't want to spend the money on. is a lot of public opposition to educating inmates. there's no question that education is a way of helping reduce recidivism. i can't point to my own particular class of doing that, but indeed it does. i come in, with a program called challenges and possibilities. it's a program that is about a dozen years old. it was founded by said people who used to teach in the prison system, and they are just wonderful people. they are really devoted to the inmates. it's a three-month program that requires the inmates to stay out of trouble for those three months, and they come in 25, 30 of them, and to listen to lectures. many of them have never been to school, never finished school, don't have a positive experiences with school. support of it is a learning thing for them, tornadic sit there and listen to people. >> the idea of purgatory would

be you're not quite ready for heaven. you have to be purged was the idea of purgatory. you have to be cleansed of those remaining stands before you are a bit document of heaven. that's the idea of purgatory, okay? a lot of disparate about this. i could get another class. i give a class on health, always come back and talk about hell if, talk about purgatory. come back and talk about any topic you want. >> we do a class on anger. we do a class on evil. i get a class on hope, what is the nature of hope? and they really have things to say. so i don't really have any difficulty getting them involved. >> it's like, for example, if you claim yourself, walk if i like him it's the same thing we do -- we are purging ourselves whatever sin we committed during that time span. >> absolutely, absolutely. >> yes, mr. hill. >> i've always felt the topic of

heaven and hell and purgatory extra and interesting. i recall a few years back i was watching 60 minutes, and they was highlighting a pastor with christian. i could be wrong about where this is at, but he was coming under fire because he highlighted a point that he was starting teaching congregation that there was no hell outside the hell that existed on earth right now. now. >> right. >> i just wanted to do that they are valued, and that the education, our society doesn't really think that they deserve anymore education. about 20 years ago we decided that they don't deserve pell grants, and there's really no money for these men to be educated. i also tried, we are a very religiously diverse prison. we have a lot of muslims, and with catholics, ma and in the prison religion is very

adversarial. i'm catholic, you're muslim, and i'm sort of better than you are. and i try since i teach religion, is i try to show them that we can talk about religion in the way that's not so oppositional. because of some inmates, not all, religion is just a continuation of battles they have with each other. i try to show them we can have conversations about religious topics. i find it a pretty successful. >> i've got a question. i've got a question, like, what do you feel the difference is between islam and christianity, the big differences that you see or that you teach? >> right. right, yeah, well a big issue is that 30 which often talk to muslims about here. old traditions worship, you know, the same god, one god, but christianity says that god is one of three and islam rejects that.

it's the idea of three gods. traditional disagreement. >> you know, the church, a lot of the conflict is, although it is one god, it becomes who delivers the message. spirit they also participate in of restorative justice program reaches a three day program to at the end of this class, they receive a certificate. it's one of the first times they've received any kind of school certificate. we have a graduation and it's a really beautiful event. i've been teaching there for four years, and we do see from this program as a whole, this challenges and possibilities as a program, we do see that people tend to have fewer disciplinary encounters with the authorities. and so we do have some evidence that it really does help them. but i don't have a lot of strong empirical evidence that these

necessarily makes people better. i have anecdotal evidence. i people that i talk to. and i see it as more of a spiritual thing, these inmates, and it's very difficult to measure this kind of spiritual effects of feeling valued. so rehabilitation, i mean, our prisons aren't really interested in anyway, to be honest with you we have given up that ideal. so i don't think we can so the point do very clear evidence that this is necessary made them, you know, more rehabilitated. but it does. >> we are in a champion wisconsin. this is the shrine of our lady of good health. in october 1859, dell brice was walking through this area when she claimed to witness an apparition, or vision of the

virgin mary. the catholic church defines an apparition as an appearance of jesus christ, the virgin mary, or any of the saints. there were three occasions that a dell brice leadership a vision of the virgin mary. at on the third vision on the third of parents the virgin mary instructed her to spread the word of salvation throughout the area. among the pioneer people living here in the wilderness. and for the rest of her life she did just that, serving more or less as a missionary here in the area, the pioneer families living in either remote and rugged very of the mid-19th century. after she experienced the apparitions, she confided in her parents and in the local catholic priest. and her father built a small shrine here at the location of the apparition. in october of 1871, a huge

wildfire broke out on the west side of the green day in a community. remains the wild is the largest wildfire in the nation's history. claimed more than 1200 lives. and the wildfire was so great that it created its own atmosphere, more or less. a hurricane of fire. and it through flames, sparks, he dashed across the bay of green bay, roughly 35 miles, and ignited wildfires here in the area of southern door county. on that night as the flame began to spread here in southern door county, gentoo and others gathered at the shrine, gathered at the chapel her father had built to pray for their safety. the following day as the fire had burned itself out and as the morning light came up, it was revealed that the entire area had been devastated by the fire, except for the immediate area

surrounding the chapel that it been built by her father. the shrine continued to draw pilgrims and other visitors throughout the years. has a somewhat modest attraction. at first the catholic church took a somewhat skeptical view of the reports of the apparitions. but they never doubted the work, the good work and character of adele brice. it wasn't until 2008 that the catholic church convened a formal investigation into the reports of the apparitions here at this site. and in 2010 the church concluded that the patients experienced by adele brice were indeed worthy of belief by the catholic church. the church's ascension of the site as worthy of belief is

significant. it is only one of 12 sites worldwide that's approved by the church. the only site in the united states at this time. so it ranks right up there with lourdes and fatima as far as church sanctioned sites would have been reported appearances of the virgin mary. ..

so she loathe for the kind of commercial space that she was looking for and cheated by bit so she brought this land and essentially went into the commercial poppies business. so right at the center of this building which has four other rentable space is is the largest of the species here and not move probably made it possible for us to continue to exist. throughout the so-called recession, we continue to have higher sales and better profit each year and have continued to do that. we are kind of known for literary fiction. we saw a ton of mysteries.

we have the largest in northern wisconsin i can assure you. even the barnes & noble, their poetry section is pretty flimsy and that's really more the popular's death. what we are basically known for his skimming the book you want. the owner has said tries hard as possible not to say no to anybody. we can almost always find a copy of a book things to the internet. that didn't use to be so. sort of medieval process. but when book dealers begin to list their inventory on any number of a variety of sites, 40, 50 different sites on the internet, where book dealers list their inventory there are a couple of better search engines

that will search all the sites of the same time. so within about 20 or 302nd i can have access to the inventories of about 40,000 book dealers worldwide. and i can usually have an answer for a customer while they're still on the phone because independent booksellers carried their own collections. you will find a different selection in each different store. barnes & noble stores and other big rock stores are curated by someone at the head office and they have their own warehousing is to. if you walk into a barnes & noble, it green bay or st. louis or san francisco or new york, you will find the same collection of books. so that is the difference between us and the big box stores. the difference between us in amazon is amazon has everything and i have this 80,000 books

here. but we have what amazon doesn't have his life human eating and we have opinions and we have books that we like and argue deangelis for as they say. we tend to recommend to our regular customers who safely gets annoying, books we think they will like. there's a lot of difference between that, believe me, and algorithm. amazon really complicated book witnesses a lot more and they will still be interesting to see how that works out their recent dispute with russia has brought to public consciousness that most the aspects of the

unruliness of the book business. the conglomeration most recently probably the really big thing that has happened is the merger of penguin and random house, which were the two largest publishers to start out with and now they are one publisher. we will see how that works out. in general, it appears to me the conglomerate in out in prince and publishing houses taken place over the last 15 years has really opened the doors for smaller independent publishers of which there are a lot more now than they were 10 or 15 years ago. they have a niche to fill now. the big houses that are

responsible to shareholders are less likely to take a chance. that's kind of exciting watching from the sidelines here and been at the end of the business that appears to be safe and getting better all the time, which is to say independent bookselling has rebounded in the last few years. so from this it's pretty exciting and interesting to watch all that stuff shakeout. i continually learn more about the business of really having to be there. >> elliott williams leaves a lasting legacy here in the green bay area. in 1822, he read a group of indians here in a subtle on the west side of green day. williams was an episcopal minister at the time. the united nations reminds here

today a vital important part of the greater green bay community. the other legacy that was left behind is a bit more bizarre. after he was removed from his position with the episcopal church, william c. can perpetuate in the story that he was the last friends of friends. in the early part of the 19th century, any number of folks in europe in north america were claiming to be the last prince of france, the son of louis the 16th and marie internet following the revolution. the boy reportedly died while in prison in france. but the boy had been smuggled out of prison waiting to return to the throne. williams might care with his wife, foundation of the home still remains the park sitting

here. it was a very convenient location for williams to spin his tail to unsuspecting travelers heading up and down the fox river, which is one of the main thoroughfares at the time. for a chance encounter with a number of french officials of most of the reporters at the day, williams continued to push this story that he was the last prince of france. they ran a story that reportedly doubled their subscription to the magazine, reporting on eliezer williams and subsequently led to a book called the last parade. williams for the rest of his life flipped up his story. he was invited to all the parties and receptions of the high society both here and on the east coast. newspapers such as "the new york times" would announce the arrival for the city and publish social calendar for the period of time in the city.

so he very effectively and successfully lift up the story for the rest of his life. williams died in new york and a cabin that was built to resemble a french château. his remains were returned here to the area 1949. at that time there was some observation done and it was determined conclusively that he was of north american and probably native american descent, which was consistent with what we do know about williams passed. but he was very successful in his day in promoting himself as the last prince of france, probably more successful than the other states out there at the time. >> with the help of our local cable partner time warner cable, we hear about franklin delano roosevelt's pro-freedom screech from green bay author, harvey kaye. >> times like these, it is

immature and incidentally i'm cool for anybody to brag to an unprepared america, single-handed and hide behind its back and holdouts. >> in 1930 in the midst of the great depression, roosevelt and governor of new york state wrote to a friend and he said, as i see it, i am convinced that we need to make the united states fairly radical for the generation. he said in part because that is what jefferson understood yet that is that the best americans have always understood that to revive the american economy radicalize it. you make it live up to its image of itself. >> would give up essential liberty of a temporary safe base.

[applause] >> erd been president for eight years and he was reelected for an unprecedented third time in november 1940. and he knew that he had to massive crises to deal with. he so wanted to sustain the new deal. he still wanted to reduce inequality and empower working people. on the other hand, he made the warhead rdb to. japanese and east asia, not the germany in fascist italy and europe. at this time, by late 1940, britain is essentially on its own. the soviets had been involved with the treaty and even then they had turns on the soviets. so it goes before -- it goes to the american people in his idea is to offer efficient about

america and the world might pursue at the end of the war. he wants to inspire americans to pursue the creation of the arsenal of democracy. he wants to in some ways offers some kind of assurance to the rest of the world that we will not stand by and watch fascism occur. >> freedom of speech and expression. everywhere in the world second is freedom of every person who worships god subway. which translated to the economic understanding which will secure

a peacetime late for inhabitants. everywhere in the world. is freedom from fear. it's translated in the world means a worldwide reduction of parliament to such a poorly that no nation will be in a position to create an act of physical aggression against any neighbor anywhere in the world. [applause] and then during world war ii, over and over again, when the newest american history is the way america survived, the way it transcends the crisis, the way it continues to be a nation that

proclaims itself or at least has a chance to pursue it is by making the nation freer, more equal and democratic. for the 1930s saw the rate or to the 1960s. after world war ii come after americans were pursuing the four freedoms, they really didn't come home with the aspiration, the omission of pursuing for freedoms that i can segue a little bit. in 1944, franklin gave a message of equally important. he knew it would go on for some time, but he already knew we would be the goriest. he went before congress and the american people and it called for the creation and the second bill of rights. >> certain economic proofs and self-evident. the second bill of rights on a

new basis of security and prosperity can be established for all regardless of state or race. among these are the right to a useful and remunerative job to provide adequate food and clothing and recreation. the right of every farmer brazed products at a return which will give him and his family have decent living. the right of every businessman praised in an atmosphere of freedom, freedom for unfair competition by monopolies of broad. the right of every family to a peaceful hold, the right to adequate medical care and the opportunity to achieve and enjoy. the right to adequate protection from the economic air of old

age, and unemployment. their right to a good education. all of these rights of security. after this war is won, we must be prepared to move forward in the implementation to new goals of human happiness and well-being. or unless there is security, there cannot be lasting peace in the world. >> and i will thought it wasn't simply some idealistic vision that popped out of roosevelt, decidedly idealistic mind. he actually had asked for surveys to be darn by the human research center, which then headquartered print university. they asked americans what they wanted to pursue after the war.

and i'll write about what 85% of americans want to pursue what was delineated by roosevelt in the four freedoms in the economic love rights. they wanted national health care. they wanted education for all. they wanted to make sure everyone had housing, the government said labor were partners in guaranteeing work to all americans. soldiers even more perhaps than the average americans at home. they want to pursue the four freedoms in the second bill of rights, but they ran into obstacles. as i said before, conservatives oppose the freedoms. southern white supremacists, these are the folks in many ways running congress. they post the second bill of rights and i give you the best example on the question of national health care.

they would have been happy to enact it. they wanted for southern working people. national health care might have to integrate hospital and the racism kept them from supporting the idea of national health care after the war as truman discovered as they tried to secure it enactment. and big business thought the ideas that the second bill of rights cometh. in some way to liberate americans to the latter be subject to our dependence on some kind of paternalistic. it was very well organized and they spend millions of dollars trying to limit the pursuit of the four freedoms of the labor movement, and also decidedly by the civil rights movement. if you look at what they accomplish between the 1930s

in the 1960s come in they transformed america. how did they do that? they thought the great depression gave their labors to the new deal. they fought fascism and when the second world war. he came home and turned the united states into the strongest and richest most prosperous nation in human history. for that we should applaud them and continue to applaud them. they did it by making america more equal in more democratic than social security and the national relations act and pursuing the other transformation of the media all the way through to the 1960s. my parents, your grandparents generation really did enact civil rights medicare and medicaid. environmental protection agency. the occupation health administration was instituted. the product safety

administration. in 1924 were severely restricted immigration in a decidedly racist way. for so from the 30s to the 60s another daily, it remains the case that was the most progressive generation in american history. msn, that is what i want to remind americans. not that we should worship him, but we should consider what americans are capable of and ask yourself, do we not still see the four freedoms and want to make america great in that fashion? the legacy of franklin roosevelt and that generation is actually we walk on it, we travel on that. we benefit in innumerable ways. we postage stamps in the office. we look at girls on the wall.

when i set out this book has affected the four freedoms, i guess all of us go through the same thing. you go in with certain ideas and understanding any sign that you are completely wrong or you didn't even know half the story. i didn't even know three quarters of the story. but i knew there was something missing in the ways in which we were celebrating. when i was writing the book fight for the four freedoms, i was in a ping-pong where i was reading about the past in hearing the president. in many ways i admit that i wrote my book not just as an historian, but a political advocate. i want americans to remember where we had been, what are parents and generations accomplished and how it is now under siege and the question for

us is what are we going to do about it? i'm convinced all four are under siege. if you think of freedom, speech and expression, citizens united threatens for average citizens, working people. if you think about freedom of worship and consider the degree to which it depends on really truly sustaining separation of church and state and we've seen and maybe go back to clinton, we've seen for the last 20 years efforts to tear down that wall and the decisions most recently around obamacare indicate an effort to tear down that wall and separate church and state. unemployment, and the increasing poverty after so many years of declining poverty. freedom from fear. let me count the ways. the freedom from fear is both the idea that we have to realize we live in a global age in

fighting terrorism means no turning in an isolation direction. many people may disagree, but that's part of it as well. it's also the case you don't fight fear by creating fear. we are americans. we don't fight fear by creating fear. there are great words in american history. the words from the declaration all men are created equal. life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. the worst of the constitution, the preamble to the constitution we the people. the bill of rights we have, especially the first amendment. the gettysburg address, probably the greatest speech of the 19th century. amenity and about the great work, those four freedoms are among those great ones. the lineup with the declaration, the constitution, the gettysburg address. >> freedom means the supremacy

of human rights everywhere. power for those who struggle to gain those rights and keep them eyestrain is our unity, that high concept. there can be no end. [applause] >> next, we speak with jessie garcia, the first woman sports anchor at wisconsin and an author of "my life with green and gold." >> i didn't set out to write a book at the beginning of a career. it wasn't really on my agenda. i was just going through my career. but i just kept thinking to myself, these are such funny experiences. if people leave you with this is really like behind the scenes. i also had themes common to a lot of people like being a

parent, having the type of career, but also having my children. there's 40 pictures of the book, the one that really epitomizes my life is that my oldest son is now 15, but he was only two months old at the time and i had to come here to amber to record something inherent to come with me and he said most of the time. i had to change his diaper at one point and i went to the tunnel of lambeau field with the players run out and i changed his diaper of his diaper of the tamil lambeau field and somebody snapped a picture of me doing that. it's now added to the table of contents picture in the book and that epitomize that. but really i think the book is so much more than that. it has three parts. one is juggling being a parent and children in working in all of that. the second one is being a woman in a male-dominated field. and the third is behind the scenes with the packers some of

these other sports teams. i was privileged to cover the packers at three different superballs, two of which they won, one of which they lost. went to the white house with the packers, went to tokyo, japan, posted the mike holmgren show, mike mccarthy show. a lot of experience as i thought people might enjoy reading about. >> from green bay, this great scoop from the head coach, the mike mccarthy show. [applause] >> welcome to the mike mccarthy show in thank you for joining us. >> recants a male-dominated field, i came out of college in 1982 at the time in the state of wisconsin, kerry never been a female sports anchor. i wound up being the first one to anchor a sportscaster. i do have one reporter. they wouldn't allow them to be anchors and actually read the nightly forecasts. so the role model for me on the national level. braun and robertson must be

based there and hannah storm and some of these early pioneers in female sportscasting. on the local level there were none. people asked me how do you feel breaking into this male-dominated field? is interesting because in the 1970s my mother was a single mother. it was just the two of us. my mother had a nontraditional career. she was a carpenter when i was growing up and then she became an architectural designer. so to see your mother walking around with a hammer in her hand building bookshelves, you never think a woman with two or be whatever she wanted to do word be. but i'm an only child. he came along later for me because my mother was not a big sports fan. breaking into the field in 1992, i thought why can't a woman be in sports? in 1992, my station which was the cbs affiliate in madison, wisconsin, hired the right out

of college. i entered there, but they hired me as a part-time sports reporter and i was only for those to be a reporter. they were nervous about i'm not a sin from what company would respond to a single sports reporter. a couple months into the job, the sports director was sick in our number two guy was out of town. so they called me at home and they said can you anchors sports tomorrow? dan is sick. i was so nervous. here i am two months out of college. i didn't even have money for clothing. i barred address from a friend of mine. i was sweating buckets through the entire thing. they made it through they didn't fire me. i didn't realize at the time i was making history because that was the first moment a woman ain't pretty sportscasting from that point forward, they allowed me to do anchor remember

porting. thankfully, most people seem to agree, but i do detail in the book several stories of a man calling me after i am pretty sportscasting madison where i started working on the same and never channel three again. i said why? he said because you are a chick and chicks don't own anything about sports. i said to him i hope you change your mind one day and i hang up the phone. i don't know if he ever changed his mind, but my goal was to make people change their minds a little bit, that women could talk about sports and i would not be a big deal. really in a 22 year career now, there have been very few incidents, so i feel very fortunate for that. but early on i'm not going to sugarcoat it, there were a few moments i write about in the book about a soccer player who told me he wouldn't do an interview unless i gave him my phone number. i also read about a coach for

one of our wisconsin sports teams who asked me out and sent me a box of team paraphernalia. when i turned him down it was very awkward for years covering the sky. so there's definitely moments like that. i only had one really terrible experience of my entire time, my entire career and was area affected to me. the cleveland indians, i will say their name because i put them in the book are the cleveland indians were in town to put the milwaukee brewers have it sent to interview them. my photographer and i want to led by one particular player, wondering later, they started catcalls and making me uncomfortable, so you and i was only there to see the guys, things like that. i was shocked by it. i never had that experience before. they didn't seem to be any managers, coaches, pr people, anybody except the team at this

point. most of the other guys joined in with the heckling and i was so floored. i looked at my photographer who was close to retirement guide and i said what do we do? establishes him one interview. only one player came to my defense and i was orel hershiser. he said leave her alone, guys. cut it out. i thought maybe we'll ask him. so we asked if we could interview him. he said yes. but as we were doing the interview, the original offender guy came over and went to my photographer's camera and flipped the switch on it while we were doing the interview and my photographer i think was about to deck him. but i said forget it. let's get out of here. we high tailed it out of there. i told the director would have been and he said that's

ridiculous. we're not going to put up with that. or call them indians pr department. they did, but the response we got was that was just boys being boys. they do that all the time. that's the way they joke around. don't let it get under your skin. they do that to all the reporters. so my sense was nothing was really going to come of my complaint, but at least it felt like we informed them of it. in the end, it showed me again it wasn't going to be smooth sailing all the way through and that was fine. i didn't expect it to be. people ask me how my peers and colleagues have treated me over the years and really i would save 99% has been great. when i first started i was the recce. i wasn't the one in a nice boxes of mentors who were behind me and my peers for the most part have been very open.

we are all reporters trying to do our job. again, to bring this level of professionalism to our job, that radiates back at you in terms of professionalism. there's no question throughout the years that you occasionally heads of people. i try to be as honest as i could in this book about some of those things. i wanted to see what it was like working for a pvc in high-pressure situations where were all running on caffeine and no sleep. so i definitely detail in the book butting heads with my bosses are they wanted me to go on the air at 4:00 in the morning or some clashes that maybe it happened throughout the years with a reporter from a different station, that sort of thing. somebody who thought i was and on his interview time with donald driver when i didn't feel that way, that sort of thing. when i talk to young women for young people in general and i

tell them when i graduated from college, there were no female sportscasters or sideline reporters. every college football game you turn on on a saturday. they look at me like i'm nuts because they don't remember that. i want them to understand times have definitely changed and changed for the better although we still have a ways to go. i still about to see more women doing play-by-play. i can only think of two that do that on a regular basis for college football. i'd love to see more women in those roles. i'd like to see more women be executives for sports teams. there are not very many women in the upper echelon of any professional sports league that you look at and yet they are trying to cover women as their fan base. so i think they would be really well served if they had women as general managers or just even any higher-ups division.

so i think that is an area we can grow in. i never consider switching out of the field despite any bad experiences, whether it be a man calling to tell me he wasn't going to watch sports because i was a chick or a player asking for my phone number or where these guys in the cleveland indians locker room making me feel uncomfortable. it kind of made me more determined than anything to show everybody that women can talk intelligently about sports and also we are not just these pretty talking heads. i want to be known for my words and my thoughts and not for what i'm wearing or anything like that. i'm very careful about attire in treating everybody with complete respect and professionalism in that sort of thing. so yeah, it was important to me to keep forging ahead.

plus i love the job and i didn't want to leave the job. they say find something that you love to do and figure out a way to make money doing it and it will never feel like work and that is exactly what it was for me. i loved the writing. i loved the creativity. i love telling stories about people. i'm not much of a stats person, but i love telling the human side of sport. so i've always tried to do that, to maybe showcase the player as a husband, father, son or a coach in that way. so i just loved the job and would never want to leave it, especially if it was someone else forcing me out. so the challenges i face in my career serve to show me there were hurdles they have to go over and that was okay. i'm not sure that i would want -- i'm not the kind of person who wants everything to be smooth sailing all the time.

i kind of appreciate if you go through some hard times, what doesn't kill you makes you stronger. it does make you stronger and it makes you appreciative of the good times for the people who like what you do, the people who might say nice things about what you do, that sort of thing. i was fine with that. getting into a come i wasn't sure how a woman would be treated as a sportscaster. but i was starting off in my hometown of madison, wisconsin, so i had a big friends and family-based data. all of those different teams that i covered and just have a ton of great memories. i never took a lot of pictures that i didn't keep a journal or anything like that. i remember a lot of details that things that stand out in my mind. everything shapes you. everything makes you who you are

today and i'm glad i had all those experiences. >> we are in the banks of the thoughts river in downtown green bay. across the river from where we are located was the site of fort howard, an american forward tilt following the war of 1812. at one time, it was under the command of zachary taylor who would go on to the president of the united states and among his officers was jefferson davis who would go on to be president of the confederate states of america. shortly after arriving here at fort howard, jefferson davis took an indian wife and had a family with his indian wife before being reassigned to fort crawford. he abandoned his family here in

the green bay area and one of his sons, joseph davis grew up to serve in the union army against his father and subsequently remained in the area his whole life and was among the last civil war veterans living in the area. he died in 1933 at the age of 100 or so. not exactly sure how old he was when he passed away. the interesting part of the story jefferson davis abandoned his family there was reassigned, he asked where the land of sara taylor, zachary taylor's daughter. he resisted the marriage for reasons we can fully imagine. subsequently, jefferson davis but the military, he did marry sarah taylor and lived in mississippi. sarah taylor died briefly after

they became married. but the story of joe davis, jefferson davis' son is well known in these parts in this part of the fascinating history is very figures in the history jefferson taylor and zachary davis. >> up next, learn how to women brought gaming to the green bay area in the late 1970s from mike hoeft, author of "the bingo queens of oneida." >> we are sitting today in the ivory more activity center in addition where bingo was played. this has some slot but she and i wrote a book with these two women. they are the two moms that helped start oneida bingo. on the web server and dreamer cometh the oneida tribe is not

originally from wisconsin. they are one of the nations of the iroquois confederacy, originally ancestral homelands in upstate new york. the win were always influential political counselors. they were the farmers. they grew the three sisters crops of corn, soybeans squash. they killed a lot of power in society and omega man, the warriors were sided with the american colonists during the revolutionary war. after the work 1812, the oneidas are forced to relocate. like a lot of native nations they were forced where and they dispersed. they broke up into three communities. one in canada, one stayed in new york and one came to wisconsin. wisconsin, the oneida

reservation is just as they green bay. it's a rectangle or reservation of tribal nontribal parcels of land. it is interesting that half of the population that's why the poverty line has said about 1970. the base insist they buy dried on hsa. the book is more than a study of how gaming started by one tribe. it is also a personal story women in gambling relationships. about the new leadership, building community. it's about trying to save them in age and its culture brink of being lost and it's about making sacrifices for others. i say what they did is heroic and they say they were just trying to do it for the sake of taking care of the cage and the of the community.

>> at that time i was assistant director of the new civic center i went to her son a king. when we got that building, it was the kitchen aid office says that we needed to have an income and at that time there was no way to make an income to pay the bills the infrastructure of the building. sowell might hear played a goat in her younger days in michigan. when her and i was talking about how we would pay the bills, her and another friend would go into the church's play bingo. she came back with this idea that we would start bingo and i would earn our money to take care of it. the money we generated and help all of the programs within the tribe. i remember we had one of our big

powwows at that time and it was very small and it just evolved because we have more money to pay for advertising and all the things that go along with those kinds of things. we start developing jobs. we have a security department is started from bingo operation because i had security people come in. we had the police department is generated. we have a tobacco business in the retail business generated from the bingo operation like i said before, that we have a scholarship or young people so the money we made did turn direction of this tribe. the game and had a lot to do with the turnover and the economic effect of our people, of our tried and our people because as i was told one time when i was out in gore county, someone yelled at me and said cnb, you know your game has put the oneida tribe on the map.

if it is on the map and made people aware of our people and the talent that are people having what we can contribute to the society. that day, they kind of thought we were on the welfare rolls are some. but they gave operation changed everything. now people were working. we were having progress in the tried developing a structure for people. we were becoming economic planners and developers. we were starting to build our community a love for the place and we have a lot of young people go back to school and not also helped. so we changed a lot. >> of reservation land was broke up during the allotment. in the late 1800s. some of the casino revenue went to reacquiring reservation land. do not outland was originally our land. that is our land and we needed

to bring it back into the realm of the tribes. so that was one big issue we have to take care of. without her bingo money, that might not have happened. >> this book is about how to mine started a tribal bingo game as a fundraiser on the oneida indian reservation and outfitted to the business that not only supports the tribe, that contributes to the economy around green bay. >> it feels really good to know we had a part in the play of the success of our tribe. it goes really good and it feels even better when we see young people working for us. they are still working here. summer in management positions, supervising physicians. some have gone on to college and sit on the business committee. three people now that her nurses and so on and they used to work for us in our bingo operation. so it does make you feel really good to know people are

successful because of what we did. >> jean nicolet up was the first european to reach this area. he was the first just beyond here in 1634 and was greeted via a friendly group of winnebago indians. at that time, france is sending explorers to the west to find what they called the people of d.c. there's some debate as to what france was intending to find in searching for the people of the csa called it. were they looking for a path to the pacific coast or were they under the impression that they would find a shed by sending explorers west. so when he arrived here, he wasn't quite sure where he was or what he had discovered. what he did discover was of course the local winnebago

indians. they sent him on his way. he traveled a little bit further down the river before returning back to canada. if he continued further, he would've found the upper mississippi river and subsequently been able to travel to the gulf of mexico and perhaps that would have been the destination they had hoped to find all along. nevertheless, nikolay is the first european to set foot in the area here in 1634. on the occasion of the centennial in 1934, the county tribe was conducted among schoolchildren in the area at all across northeast wisconsin to clark county to eventually create the statue behind me right now, which is indeed made of copper.

>> during the tv is reset it to green bay, we stopped by the cochrane library to learn about the life and career local cartoonist, lyle lahey. >> lyle lahey is a local cartoonist who commented on national and local and regional news and events he is an individual who was born in 1831 in northern end. he served a stint in the korean war from 1954 to 1956, which impacts some of the views and then goes to madison and earned a journalism degree. after that, he does come to green bay and works as a promotion manager for one of the oldest television stations in the state. he does that for 13 years in beginning in 1868 he becomes affiliated with one of the green bay newspapers, later becoming the green bay chronicles. this is a daily newspaper and said that if the manager of the commentary page and quickly

becomes one of the cartoonists or the cartoonist for the newspaper. >> expands from 1968 until the time of his death in 2013. >> i am a professor of democracy and justice studies in political science. here at the university of wisconsin green bay. i am here to talk to a little bit about one of the special collections we have here at the archives, all of our political cartoons and lyle lahey. i'm going to talk to a little bit of them come to give a little insight and what they say about green bay. it hurts as actually be funny only in a sad way. so i love how this cartoon, you can kind of imagine seeing this in the newspaper and being hit apart by the depiction of death and destruction and then i think

this comment about killing to democratize expresses something about his position towards war that we really see throughout the entire collection. even some of the latest collections are critical of u.s. attempts to fight democracy abroad. the iraq war is really big, but we also see him being critical of actions in the middle east and iraq, afghanistan and libya and this is one of those cartoons that can stop you can't even though there is a type of dark humor here, right? if the type of irony that is a painful thing to look at. also cartoonist ironing is putting things in a really distinct way that kind of points out what's ironic about the situation or democracy. i think there is this question

about how can democracy be spread from if it harms people, and we'll talk about a minute the same sort of logic applied to the iraq war and something he doesn't let go of a consistent theme. i love this cartoon because it really epitomizes some of the powerful things about cartooning. one of the first things that occurs throughout his work and will see a lot of other examples is this mouse. i think you could really set up the debate about whether the mouse bans the cartoonists. certainly, the mouse provides ironic commentary on whatever is going on in all of these cartoons. i think the mouse really has maybe not a particularly partisan perspective, but like a

small democratic perspective by standing up for the little people. the reason why it's a mouse, small carrot your is noticing and commenting and clever ways, but also darkly funny ways. this is in the late 70s when inflation is striving to crises so they can see and i think this is so nice because so much political cartooning is on form all electoral politics. this is asking about what does it mean when prices go up? the oil price is in gas prices and food prices. i think conservative concerned are everyday people, people who eat hamburgers and not for people who eat steak, this mouse standing in as a symbol for that

is the unique green bay concern, but i am off i am a fee that outgoing the importance of common people and working class people in this commentary. i think it's fun. >> cartooning became a voice for an a few well. there's evidence at all of the cartoon that he did in a few conversations i had with him. i had the opportunity to meet him and he very much was a well read man, a person u.s. pacific is in commentaries and care at all about the world around him. i do know in terms of cartooning he had opportunities to take what he viewed as more of a planned approach and could it become syndicated as a cartoon. but he felt the green bay disturbs their own cartoonists to represent their local issues and the things that were going on here. >> because he is concerned about the concerned are you able to alice dray when hypocrisy is

occurring. he doesn't hesitate from criticizing what you might assume he would eat with. so this is a really interesting view into what is happening in the late avenues when we still have a lot of militancy around and we also have debates in the supreme court and the public sphere about capital punishment. we have a little mouse hiding on top of the green bay present. and here is the place where lazy if pointing out and showing us a complex idea, asking us to think about how you could be for one situation in one situation and against then another and vice versa. there's a pretty simple and easily interpreted being. his treatment of watergate is really funny. not just because he uses the

cart teams technique is really exaggerated teachers, but because they are also started serious political questions, surrogates that in domestic spaces. so i love the idea of mixing, leaving the tape has been given a tape recorder is a going away president. one of the reasons these can be so useful for teaching is for students to figure out what's going on in the cartoon, they have to learn a bit about watergate. they have to learn said about what actually occurred and they have to know to figure out this is probably pat nixon. there's a whole set of negotiations that politically literate people use to decipher cartoons that really helps them build at the association and become more critical and well-informed citizen. i love things like this,

especially especially watergate that alston suffered watergate that all students have heard of, but they are all big on the details. they know anything with a date on it is a scandal but they don't know what the big deal was. they know nixon's name he is not a crook, but they have lots of great cartoons and it's a great way to teach these historical moments. so the reason we are particularly pleased to have these in an archive is a provides a digital documentation of history and allow us to complement and on and the other materials we have. in the case of local politics can we do have the green bay city council proceedings, which are from gavel to gabble what is happening in each city council meeting. but then we have the cartoons who would capture in a different way from what is in the actual record. a lot of the cartoons and we couldn't get all of them on the table, a lot of them, and on

particular mayors and governors and you could do really great reconstructed history of the politics of the state by looking at the cartoons. i like the sense that a lot of them are criticizing the state legislation for raising around pay rates are reported themselves as head of the common people, not being concerned about poverty and inequality. there is a reason why this one is kind of fun. some of the topics i would want our students to play with while looking at the cartoons are things like corporate politics and the terms we have her policies passed that benefit when some district in there for oneself. this is speaking about pay raises and it's using a, which he does throughout his cartoons. it would be great for my student to sort of sort out the metaphors we use for spending and logrolling, what they look

like, how they are depicted. there's also a lot of his cartoons both in terms of how farming was changed, so what happens when freeways come in like i 43, but also a real choice and wisconsin politics. what we decide we will add to our holdings if you will is to look up the body of the work, to look at what information it will give up. i was like to talk about his sister in the past. they are kind of a cartoon collection with the diary collection, with the series of letters. does that help us bring a voice back from the past? if that brings the voice back, it will be something that we can likely add to our collection. the u.s. involvement abroad throughout many years and i love

the whole exhibit on the right cartoons, the subject that he was clearly passionate about. i love how he always draws george w. bush in george w. bush in these cowboy boot. great attention to detail. and i live here that he once again placed on the hypocrisy of attacking in the name of democracy. and really illustrates what they called the bush doctrine in a small cartoon strip. i think it is difficult to break down political concepts. that is something i wish i could do for my students. and it's really easily done here. he has some great playground bullies beating up on a kid and saying had to beat them up or they could be be otherwise. and also a sort of love this about the long-term ramifications that involve and abroad and spreading democracy

and people will call it that. it will be easy to think about what is happening now in iraq, public syria afghanistan. the faces of cartoons in the future will capture a time when we don't always have a written record. the idea of keeping a diary or journal are writing letters is sort of becoming passé. so you are going to lose i think that history and this is one way of capturing the history of 2013 or whatever it might be. so it allows us for the future to save the past. >> are more information on green bay would come wisconsin and in many cities visited by local content vehicles, go to c-span.org/local content. >> up next, afterwards, with dr. marty mccarry, surgeon at jo